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ืื™ืš (ืœื) ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 26 ื‘ืื•ื’ืณ 2021

ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1999. ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœื™ืžื“ืชื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื, ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื” ืงื“ื-ืฆื‘ืื™ืช (ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื). ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื—ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.


ืื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื? ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1981 ื•ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืื– ื ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995. ืžืื–, ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื”ืฉืชื ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืžืื– ื”ื™ื•ื•ืกื“ื, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื” ื•ืจื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™.


ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื’ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœื•ืืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจืก ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ (ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื–ื” ืœื ืงืจื”, ืืžืื™ื™ืจื™ื™ื˜?) ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืืชื ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืืœ ื’ื‘ืข, ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ื, ืื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื ืงื•ืจืกื™ื. ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืื’ื‘, ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื, ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.


ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื•ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข? ืื•ืจื›ื• ื› 13 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืดืžื›ื™ื ื”ืด ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืดืžืจืชื•ืŸืด. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื™ืชืช ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืฉืœ 10 - 40 ืื™ืฉ (ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื 40 ืื™ืฉ ืœื›ื™ืชื”, ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ) ื™ืฉ 10 - 40 ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืœืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืขืžืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืืœื’ื‘ืจื”? ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืดื™ืฉืจื ื• ืงื•ืด ื‘ืžื›ื™ื ื”. ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจื ื• ืงื•, ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืดืžื›ื™ื ื”ืด.


ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื•ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืจืก, ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื›ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด. ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ืฉืžืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™, ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืดืื—ื™ืด ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœื›ื. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ืืก ื”ื–ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื•ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืžื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืคืš ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืžืดื—ื•ืžืจืด. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ื” (ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช) ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ื›ื. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืืžืช, ืืœื ืขืœ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืžื” ื–ื” ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”? ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงืจื•ื, ืœืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืชื— ืžื™ื“ืข, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ืคืš ืžืœืฉื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืžืฉืœ.


ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ืœืžื” ื”ื ืœื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืื™ื–ื” ืงื•ืจืก ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืชื›ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื•ืืŸ, ื–ื”ื”: ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฉื›ืจื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื ืชืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ืดื ื•ืฉืื™ืืด ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ - ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื - ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื - ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ื™ื•ืช. ื—ื•ืžืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™? ื•ืื– ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืดื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”ืด, ืื• ืดืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ื™ื•ืชืด. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ืœื”ื ืดืื– ืžื”?ืด ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืช ืžืžื“ื™ื•ืช? ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืคืจ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ, ืื– ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช? ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”?


ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื” ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืจืช - ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืœืขื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ืœื ืชื— ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”. ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš, ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืฆืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ื“. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™, ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื“.


ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช

ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื“ ื–ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืงื˜ืœื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ - ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžื ื•, ืœื—ืœืง ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ. ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” 40 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื•. ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืชื•ืคืกืช 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืฉืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืฉืžืชื, ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืกืชืคืงื™ื ื‘ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืœื›ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืคื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ. ืœื ืคืœื ืฉืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืœื ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื ืžืžืงืกืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.



ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื (ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ) ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื’ื ื”ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืืžืช, ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ื•ืจื—. ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืงืจื•ื ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœืฆืœื•ื—, ืืœื ื“ืจืš ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ืื• ืžื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜, ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืžื‘ืื–ืคื™ื“ ื•ืž TMZ ื•ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืž ESPN. ื”ื ื’ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืฃ ืขื ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื“ืคื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืชืืžื•ืช (adaptation) ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืœื ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคืจืง ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื“, ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืกืงื” ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืŸ.


ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื›ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื’ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืจืชื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืคืจืกื ื›ื‘ืจ (ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ืœื™ 2018) 29 ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012. ืœืืœื” ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ 19 ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ - ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช 2009 - ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืจื” ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืจืชื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื›ืš ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืงืœื” ื•ืื“ื™ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ - ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”.


ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ (ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”) ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืคื•ืกื˜ ื ืคืจื“, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœ ืื—ืช ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื 700, ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืื” ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 700 ื•ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื›ืœ ืžืื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 725 ื•ืžืขืœื”. ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 500 ืœ 600. ืืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืฆืขืจื•ืช ืœื—ืœืงื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช: ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง 600 ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.


ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ, ื•ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื”ืื˜ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืคืงืชื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ืŸ (ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืขืชื). ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื 740 ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ื 630, ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืดื—ื•ืžืจืด ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืจื‘ืข ืžืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’. ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจืงื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื›ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.


ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™

ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ 9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืคืจืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื›ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื“, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ื‘ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื’ืืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื, ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ, ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื•. ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ืคืœืื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืขื‘ื•ื“. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืžื˜ืจื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ - ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืคื—ื“ ืžืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื. ย 


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